Short Info & History
Tempera is a water-soluble and fast-drying painting medium that has been used long before the advent of modern oil paints. This painting technique, also known as egg tempera, can be traced back to the 1st century BC when it was used to decorate Egyptian sarcophagi. The Bagh Caves in Madhya Pradesh, India, feature high-quality tempera art created from the late fourth to the tenth centuries. Renowned artists such as Sandro Botticelli, Duccio, and Carlo Crivelli used tempera in the majority of their artworks, showcasing its enduring appeal and versatility. The unique properties of tempera paint have allowed it to remain a favored medium for centuries, producing vibrant and detailed artworks.
Composition
Tempera paintings are known for their longevity and durability. The primary binder for tempera paint is egg yolk, which gives the paint its characteristic creamy texture. In modern times, synthetic binders with similar viscosity to egg yolk are also used. Traditionally, egg yolk was mixed with color pigments in proper ratios to create the paint. Additionally, milk and various plant gums were sometimes added to make the paint more adhesive. The unique composition of tempera paint contributes to its distinct properties and appearance. Artists often prepare their own tempera paint to ensure the perfect consistency and quality for their work.
Specific Properties
Using viscous fluids like egg yolk makes the art more creamy, allowing artists to create smooth strokes on the canvas and achieve a uniform painting. Tempera paint dries rapidly and can be applied in thin, semi-opaque, or transparent layers. This fast-drying property allows artists to build up layers of color quickly, resulting in vibrant and detailed artwork. The ability to create smooth, consistent strokes makes tempera an excellent choice for achieving precise and intricate designs. Additionally, tempera paint is known for its ability to retain its brilliance and color over time, making it a preferred medium for artists seeking longevity in their work.
Key Features
Tempera adheres best to absorbent surfaces with a lower oil content than the tempera binder used. One of the key advantages of tempera paint is that its color remains stable over time. Unlike oil paints, which can darken, turn yellow, and become transparent with age, tempera maintains its original hue and vibrancy. This stability makes tempera a preferred medium for artists seeking long-lasting and durable artwork. The unique properties of tempera paint allow artists to achieve a level of precision and detail that is difficult to replicate with other mediums.
Surface or Media
Traditionally, wooden panels were the primary surface for tempera painting. Today, artists also use uncured Masonite or medium-density fiberboard (MDF) as alternatives. Additionally, some artists utilize thick, heavy paper for tempera painting. Choosing the right surface is essential for achieving the desired effect and ensuring the longevity of the artwork. The surface must be rigid and absorbent to accommodate the unique properties of tempera paint. Proper surface preparation, such as applying a gesso layer, can enhance the adherence and overall quality of the tempera paint.
Other Specialities
Tempera painting produces a smooth matte finish with higher color saturation, making it ideal for creating vibrant and visually striking artwork. The medium allows for precise brushwork and is well-suited for techniques such as cross-hatching. While egg tempera is water-resistant, it is not waterproof, requiring proper storage and handling to preserve the artwork. To enhance durability, an extra layer of transparent fluids like cellulose lacquer is often applied to the finished painting. The versatility of tempera paint allows artists to experiment with various techniques and styles, producing unique and captivating artworks.
Toxicity and Vegan Friendly
Tempera paint comes in two varieties, some of which are toxic and some of which are non-toxic. While most tempera paints are non-toxic and water-soluble, it is essential to choose the appropriate type for the intended artwork. The primary component of tempera paint is egg yolk, making it clear that it is not vegan. Artists who prefer vegan-friendly options may need to explore alternative painting mediums. Understanding the environmental impact and safety of the materials used can help artists make informed decisions about their tools.
Conclusion
Tempera painting is a versatile and enduring medium that has captivated artists for centuries. Its unique composition, fast-drying properties, and vibrant color make it an excellent choice for creating detailed and long-lasting artwork. Whether you are exploring traditional techniques or experimenting with modern approaches, tempera painting offers endless possibilities for artistic expression. The continuous exploration and adaptation of techniques can lead to the creation of unique and captivating art pieces.
GranNino offers free tempera painting hosting or storing via its application. You can learn more about the services and explore the offerings on GranNino. This platform provides artists with unlimited storage, online art galleries, and social features to connect with other artists and art lovers.
Leave a Reply